PSC MODEL QUESTIONS-62

Sarojini Naidu (1879-1949)

Sarojini Naidu, née Chattopadhyay, (born Feb. 13, 1879, Hyderabad, India—died March 2, 1949, Lucknow), political activist, feminist, poet-writer, and the first Indian woman to be president of the Indian National Congress and to be appointed an Indian state governor. She was sometimes called “the Nightingale of India.”

Sarojini was the eldest daughter of Aghorenath Chattopadhyay, a Bengali Brahman who was principal of the Nizam’s College, Hyderabad. She entered the University of Madras at the age of 12 and studied (1895–98) at King’s College, London, and later at Girton College, Cambridge.

After some experience in the suffragist campaign in England, she was drawn to India’s Congress movement and to Mahatma Gandhi’s Noncooperation Movement. In 1924 she traveled in eastern Africa and South Africa in the interest of Indians there and the following year became the first Indian woman president of the National Congress—having been preceded eight years earlier by the English feminist Annie Besant. She toured North America, lecturing on the Congress movement, in 1928–29. Back in India her anti-British activity brought her a number of prison sentences (1930, 1932, and 1942–43). She accompanied Gandhi to London for the inconclusive second session of the Round TableConference for Indian–British cooperation (1931). Upon the outbreak of World War II she supported the Congress Party’s policies, first of aloofness, then of avowed hindrance to the Allied cause. In 1947 she became governor of the United Provinces (now Uttar Pradesh), a post she retained until her death.

Sarojini Naidu also led an active literary life and attracted notable Indian intellectuals to her famous salon in Bombay (now Mumbai). Her first volume of poetry, The Golden Threshold (1905), was followed by The Bird of Time (1912), and in 1914 she was elected a fellow of the Royal Society of Literature. Her collected poems, all of which she wrote in English, have been published under the titles The Sceptred Flute (1928) and The Feather of the Dawn (1961).

1. Popularly known as Nightingale of India.

2. She was born at Hyderabad and started writing poems at an early age.

3. Her collection of poems became popular in England and turned out to be one of the best sellers.

4. She also authored a number of books.

5. The prominent books include : Bird of Time, Golden Threshold, Muhammad Jinnah : An Ambassador of Unity etc.

6. She also took keen interest in national movement and enjoy the distinction of being the first Indian woman President of the Indian National Congress in 1925 at Kanpur.

7. After independence, she worked as the Governor of United Provinces (Uttar Pradesh) from 1947-1948.